Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare Practice: How to Tackle the “Human” Challenge

Artificial Intelligence (AI) plays a crucial role in Health and Medicine, especially in terms of diagnostic support, identification of treatment, patient health management and improvement in health organization infrastructures. However, there is still limited knowledge on the issues related to the implementation and usage of this disruptive technology. In the present contribution, after briefly reviewing the main trends in AI in medicine, we focus on the prefiguration of the possible risky effects of AI implementation on doctor-patient relationship (the “third wheel” effect); then, we deepen the issue of interface or the necessity to develop shared guidelines for the interaction properties of AI devices. Finally, we include some reflections and guidelines on the identification of personnel that will work with AI within healthcare contexts, highlighting the need for the implementation of interdisciplinary teams, able to value both rigorous practice and patients’ health and well-being.